含伪狂犬病毒完整UL49基因及部分UL48基因片段的克隆与序列分析

以地高辛标记的伪狂犬病毒（PRV）Ea株UL49.5基因片段为探针，同SalI、KpnI、BamHI消化的PRV Ea株基因组DNA进行Southern杂交，确定SalI2.8kb、KpnI17.0kb、BamHI25.0kb片段中含UL49基因。将SalI2.8kb片段克隆到pUC119中，利用其中的BamHI进行亚克隆，获得重组质粒pUC2.0。测定约2.0kb片段的全序列并进行序列分析，发现该片段包含UL50基因部分编码区，UL49.5基因和UL49基因的完整编码区，并且在UL49基因下游，还存在一段约369个碱基的序列，经与人单纯疱疹病毒I型（HSV－1）、牛单纯疱疹病毒I型（BHV－1）的UL48基因进行比对，具有较高的同源性，推测为PRV UL48基因的部分编码区。     

转基因油菜W-4 T-DNA旁侧序列分析与事件特异性检测

W-4是通过农杆菌介导法将fad2基因的反向重复序列表达框转入甘蓝型油菜Westar后获得的转基因高油酸油菜品系.为建立W-4的转基因事件特异性PCR检测技术,应用温度不对称PCR（TAIL-PCR）扩增获得转基因油菜W-4的T-DNA插入位点的左、右旁侧序列.其中右边界旁侧序列长度为290 bp,其碱基组成G＋C含量为31.27％、A＋T含量为68.73％;左边界旁侧序列长度为365 bp,其碱基组成G＋C含量为32.6％、A＋T含量为67.4％,表明该T-DNA整合在富含AT区.序列比对结果发现,该转基因事件中,T-DNA左边界序列完全整合到油菜基因组中,仅有1个碱基由G转换成了A.而右边界则缺失了包括RBborder在内的62个碱基.结果表明：转基因高油酸油菜T-DNA的整合是一次无载体序列的整合.依据左、右边界旁侧序列和转基因载体的T-DNA左右边界序列设计了2对特异性引物TLF/TLR和TRF/TRR,能从W-4基因组DNA中扩增出大小分别为485和405 bp的预期产物,而在其他转基因油菜、非转基因油菜的基因组DNA和空白对照中均无特异性扩增产物,据此建立了W-4的转基因事件特异性PCR检测技术.应用该检测技术可以从含有0.1％ W-4基因组DNA的混合样品中扩增出特异产物,检测灵敏度达0.1％.可对W-4的转基因事件进行特异性检测.     

苹果树腐烂病菌T-DNA插入突变体表型及致病突变体研究

【目的】筛选苹果树腐烂病菌T-DNA插入表型或致病突变体,为研究该病菌的表型及致病相关基因提供起始材料。【方法】从建立的T-DNA插入突变体库中,随机挑选230株突变体菌株进行表型观察及致病性测定,并对部分致病突变体进行TAIL-PCR侧翼扩增。【结果】大部分的突变体与野生型菌株03-8在表型及致病性方面无明显差异,仅30.87%的突变体表现出了明显的变化;其中16株突变体(占突变体总数的6.95%)致病性发生了明显的增强,而表型与03-8相比无明显的变化;20株突变体(占突变体总数的8.69%)致病性与03-8无显著性差异,但是表型发生了明显的变化;16.1%的突变体则同时表现出表型及致病性的显著差异,其中28株表现为致病性显著降低,7株致病性丧失。通过对15株致病突变体侧翼序列的扩增,获得了7条T-DNA侧翼序列,其中突变体X912的侧翼序列被注释为黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus)阿魏酸酯酶B前体。【结论】获得了多个不同的苹果树腐烂病菌表型或致病突变体,为研究该病菌的生长发育及致病相关基因奠定了良好的基础。     

葛属植物基于形态学和rDNAITS分类的一致性比较研究

试验以来自不同地区的葛属(Pueraria DC)植物11个种质作为材料,基于其叶色、茎粗、茎节长、茎色、茎粗、茎被毛等9个形态性状进行形态学分类,并对11个种质的r DNA ITS序列进行克隆测序和序列比较分析,采用MEGA 6.0软件构建ITS序列系统进化树。结果表明,基于ITS序列和基于形态特征的分类结果虽有一定的相似性,但仍存在较大的差异。不同分类方法导致的结果差异可能与形态特征受其生长条件、性状的选取等多方面因素的影响有关,而基于r DNA ITS序列的分类结果更为可靠。     

HA蛋白多肽抗体的设计、制备与鉴定

利用人工合成的多肽制备HA的特异性多克隆抗体,以期用于HA基因的免疫调控机制研究。根据GenBank中报道的皮蝇素A（HyderminA,HA）一级结构信息以及HA抗原生物学信息,获得三段序列特异性较高的多肽,采用9一氟甲氧羰基固相合成法获得多肽,采用HPLC和LC·MS测定合成多肽的浓度和分子量,试验表明目的多肽纯度达91．2％、目的多肽分子量为28kD。将多肽与KLH进行偶联,并用其免疫新西兰大白兔以获得抗血清和多克隆抗体。采用ELISA和Western blotting测定其效价和特异性,经ELISA检测表明抗血清可与Pep发生特异性免疫反应,经Western blotting试验表明抗血清和多克隆抗体可识别HA特异性条带,其相对分子量为28kD,与预测分子量相符。该抗体的制备为研究HA免疫调控机制提供了有用工具。     

Assessment of genetic diversity, and phylogenetic relationships based on ribosomal DNA repeat unit length variation and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequences in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) cultivars and its wild species

Repeat unit length variation and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA were used to assess genetic diversity, and phylogenetic relationships in chickpea (C. arietinum) cultivars, and its related wild species. Total genomic DNAs of 76 accessions of 10 Cicer species, belonging to three sections of the genus, were restricted with seven enzymes and the restriction fragments were hybridized to heterologous ribosomal clones of wheat pTa71 and Vicia faba probes Ver 6-5 and Ver18-6. A single repeat unit length class of 11.4 kb or 10.5 kb was recognized across Cicer accessions with pTa71. The intraspecific variation was negligible in those species where more than one accession was studied, except the four C. judaicum accessions, which were different from the rest. EcoRI and DraI digests gave two and one-two fragments, respectively. All the accessions produced three and three-five bands with BamHI and SacI, respectively. Both the accessions of C. yamashitae differed in their rDNA repeat unit length as well as restriction site variation. Maximum likelihood tree with rDNA RFLP recognized five clades which were more or less congruent with the previous data. Length of ITS-1 region was more variable (235–239 bp) than the ITS-2 region (212–213 bp). Cladistic analysis of ITS data revealed two major clades, clade I consisting of C. arietinum, C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum, and clade II comprised of C. judaicum, C. chorassanicum, C. bijugum and C. cuneatum. C. microphyllum grouped with the above four species. C. pinnatifidum was present as a separate branch. C. yamashitae emerged as the most distinct species.     

油茶暹罗刺盘孢菌群体遗传结构分析

暹罗刺盘孢菌是油茶炭疽病病原之一,在我国多个油茶产区均有分布。研究油茶暹罗刺盘孢菌群体遗传结构可为全面、有效防治油茶炭疽病害提供理论依据。本研究对分离自海南、江西、湖南、广西4省(自治区)6个地区暹罗刺盘孢菌菌株的ITS、CAL和GAPDH 3个基因的序列进行群体遗传结构分析。根据拼接的上述3个基因的序列,57个暹罗刺盘孢菌菌株可定义为13个单倍型,其中单倍型H7为主要单倍型,分布于本研究所涉及的所有地区。病菌不同地理种群间的遗传分化较大,AMOVA分析显示,遗传变异主要发生在种群内,病菌未经历过大规模的种群扩张。研究结果表明油茶炭疽病原暹罗刺盘孢菌种群具有丰富的遗传多样性。     

楔形前殖吸虫核糖体全序列的特征分析

楔形前殖吸虫(Prosthogonimus cuneatus)是禽类和鸟类输卵管、法氏囊和直肠常见的寄生虫之一,对禽和鸟类危害较大.利用PCR对楔形前殖吸虫核糖体全序列进行了扩增,并探讨了其与其他吸虫的进化关系.结果发现,楔形前殖吸虫核糖体全序列长10 713 bp,其中18S、ITS1、5.8S、ITS2、28S、I...     

周口地区番茄白粉菌的鉴定

[目的]鉴定周口地区番茄白粉菌的形态学及分子生物学.[方法]通过显微学对周口地区的番茄白粉病菌分生孢子及孢子梗的形态、大小进行观察对比,并分析了核糖体DNA转录间隔区（ITS）和进化树.[结果]在扫描电子显微镜下病菌分生孢子呈圆柱形或椭圆形,无支链;目的序列同来自日本番茄上的O.neolycopersici（AB094991）和来自美国番茄上的O.neolycopersici（AB163915）同源性最高聚为一支,与来自韩国绣球花上的O.hortensiae（JQ669944）等由于寄主植物不同而另聚为一条分支.[结论]不同物种的白粉菌间的遗传距离较远,来自周口地区的番茄白粉菌为O.neolycopersici.     

Genetics and molecular biology of Azospirillum

 Genetic manipulation of Azospirillum spp. has facilitated a better understanding of the mode of action of this plant-growth promoting bacterium and should help to improve its ability to stimulate plant growth and development. This review considers and discusses Agospirillum plasmids, promoter sequences, the isolation of Azospirillum mutants, the genetic transformation of Azospirillum, the transfer of foreign genes into Azospirillum by conjugation and the Azospirillum genes that have been isolated and characterized. The Azospirillum genes that are discussed include genes involved in nitrogen fixation, plant root attachment, phytohormone biosynthesis, tryptophan biosynthesis, carbon metabolism and a few other less well characterized processes. Received: 11 December 1997